What the eyes say about planning of focused referents during sentence formulation : a cross-linguistic investigation

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Accessibility of referent information influences sentence planning : An eye-tracking study

Acknowledgments We thank Phoebe Ye and Gouming Martens for help with data collection for Experiment 1 and 2, respectively. This research was supported by the European Research Council for the ERC Starting Grant (206198) to YC.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Encoding actions and verbs : Tracking the timecourse of relational encoding during message and sentence formulation

Many thanks to Annelies van Wijngaarden and student assistants from the Psychology of Language Department (in particular Esther Kroese, Marloes Graauwmans, and Ilse Wagemakers) for help with data collection and processing, and Tess Forest and Antje Meyer for helpful discussions.Peer reviewedPostprin

Grammatical Encoding for Speech Production

This Elements series presents theoretical and empirical studies in the interdisciplinary field of psycholinguistics. Topics include issues in the mental representation and processing of language in production and comprehension, and the relationship of psycholinguistics to other fields of research. Each Element is a high quality and up-to-date scholarly work in a compact, accessible format.Publisher PD

Experimental approaches to referential domains and the on-line processing of referring expressions in unscripted conversation

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Assessing priming for prosodic representations : Speaking rate, intonational phrase boundaries, and pitch accenting

We thank Candice Stanfield, Ashley Frost, and Ashley Devereux for their assistance with data collection and coding. This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant R01 DC008774 and by the James S. McDonnell Foundation.Peer reviewedPostprin

Planning to speak in L1 and L2

Many thanks to Annelies van Wijngarden, Caitlin Decupyer, and student assistants in the Psychology of Language Department (Esther Kroese, Marloes Gauwamans, Jessica Aguilar Diaz, Ilse Wagemakers) for invaluable help during data collection and processing.Peer reviewedPostprin

Triggered codeswitching : Lexical processing and conversational dynamics

Acknowledgements. This research was supported by a Small Research Grant from the British Academy awarded to the first and second authors. Writing was supported by a Vidi grant from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), awarded to the first author. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics and the Bangor Bilingualism Centre. We also want to express our gratitude to our reviewers, whose insightful comments and creative suggestions have greatly contributed to the improvement of this paper; we have enjoyed the exchangePeer reviewedPublisher PD

Effects of Speech Rate and Practice on the Allocation of Visual Attention in Multiple Object Naming

Earlier studies had shown that speakers naming several objects typically look at each object until they have retrieved the phonological form of its name and therefore look longer at objects with long names than at objects with shorter names. We examined whether this tight eye-to-speech coordination was maintained at different speech rates and after increasing amounts of practice. Participants named the same set of objects with monosyllabic or disyllabic names on up to 20 successive trials. In Experiment 1, they spoke as fast as they could, whereas in Experiment 2 they had to maintain a fixed moderate or faster speech rate. In both experiments, the durations of the gazes to the objects decreased with increasing speech rate, indicating that at higher speech rates, the speakers spent less time planning the object names. The eye–speech lag (the time interval between the shift of gaze away from an object and the onset of its name) was independent of the speech rate but became shorter with increasing practice. Consistent word length effects on the durations of the gazes to the objects and the eye-speech lags were only found in Experiment 2. The results indicate that shifts of eye gaze are often linked to the completion of phonological encoding, but that speakers can deviate from this default coordination of eye gaze and speech, for instance when the descriptive task is easy and they aim to speak fast

Intergroup processes and the happy face advantage : How social categories influence emotion categorization

Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge and thank Professor Christian Unkelbach and four anonymous reviewers for the constructive and valuable feedback they provided on previous versions of this work, particularly for their suggestions regarding the analysis strategy.Peer reviewedPostprin